本發(fā)明涉及一種淀粉顆粒的制備方法，通過(guò)這種方法可以簡(jiǎn)單方式獲得粒徑為50nm幾mm的小淀粉顆粒。特別是粒徑為50nm-100μm的所謂納米或微米顆粒的小淀粉顆粒具有非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。小淀粉顆?？捎糜谥扑帢I(yè)、化妝品、食品、油漆、涂料、紙、油墨和許多其它應(yīng)用。

The invention relates to a method for preparing starch particles, by which small starch particles with a particle size of 50nm to several mm can be obtained in a simple way. Especially, the particle size is 50nm-100 μ The so-called nano or micron starch particles of m have a very wide range of applications. Small starch particles can be used in pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food, paint, coating, paper, ink and many other applications.

按照本發(fā)明，淀粉應(yīng)理解為天然淀粉、顆粒淀粉、分級(jí)淀粉和淀粉衍生物以及富含淀粉(含有少80％淀粉wt/wt)的農(nóng)業(yè)原料，如小麥粉。淀粉可以來(lái)自大量天然源，如小麥、玉米、淀粉玉米、蠟玉米、馬鈴薯、奎藜籽、大米等。

According to the invention, starch should be understood as natural starch, granular starch, graded starch and starch derivatives, as well as agricultural raw materials rich in starch (containing at least 80% starch wt/wt), such as wheat flour. Starch can come from a large number of natural sources, such as wheat, corn, starch corn, wax corn, potato, quinoa seeds, rice, etc.

優(yōu)選淀粉為顆粒淀粉，它可以為天然或改性的，例如經(jīng)物理、化學(xué)或酶改性的。淀粉不一定溶于冷水中。任選地，淀粉也可以為全部或部分膠凝化或熔融的。也可以使用各種淀粉的混合物。例如，可以將部分溶解的(預(yù))膠凝化或改性的淀粉加入天然淀粉中。

The preferred starch is granular starch, which can be natural or modified, such as physical, chemical or enzyme modified. Starch does not necessarily dissolve in cold water. Optionally, starch may also be gelatinized or melted in whole or in part. Mixtures of various starches can also be used. For example, partially dissolved (pre) gelatinized or modified starch can be added to natural starch.

也可以使用部分或完全分級(jí)的淀粉，例如富含直鏈淀粉的淀粉或者相反地，富含支鏈淀粉的淀粉?？梢允褂玫难苌餅椴糠只蛲耆獾牡矸廴琨溠刻呛?、氧化淀粉、羧化、氯化或硫酸鹽化淀粉、已放棄疏水基的淀粉和磷酸鹽化淀粉、淀粉醚類(lèi)等。

Partially or completely graded starch can also be used, such as amylose rich starch or, conversely, amylopectin rich starch. The derivatives that can be used are partially or completely hydrolyzed starch, such as maltodextrin, oxidized starch, carboxylated, chlorinated or sulfated starch, starch that has given up hydrophobic groups, phosphorylated starch, starch ethers, etc.

可以使用其它碳水化合物或聚合物作為輔料。這些輔料多占15％，優(yōu)選1-10％(wt/wt，以淀粉固體計(jì))。所述輔料尤其包括其它碳水化合物，例如藻酸鹽、果膠和羧甲基纖維素。

Other carbohydrates or polymers can be used as excipients. Most of these excipients account for 15%, preferably 1-10% (wt/wt, based on starch solids). The excipients include, in particular, other carbohydrates, such as alginate, pectin, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

在該方法開(kāi)始時(shí)，淀粉還沒(méi)有完全膠凝化。按照本發(fā)明的一個(gè)優(yōu)選實(shí)施方式，在相轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中、之前或之后進(jìn)行顆粒淀粉的部分或完全進(jìn)一步膠凝化。在交聯(lián)過(guò)程中淀粉可以部分為顆粒。可以通過(guò)升高溫度或通過(guò)添加鹽如氫氧化物、或者通過(guò)其組合進(jìn)行膠凝化。

At the beginning of this method, the starch has not been completely gelatinized. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, partial or complete further gelation of granular starch is carried out during, before or after the phase transformation process. In the process of cross-linking, starch can be partly granular. Gelation can be carried out by increasing the temperature or by adding salt such as hydroxide, or by a combination thereof.

適宜將不與水混溶的所有液體作為疏水相。這些例子有烴類(lèi)(烷、環(huán)烷)、醚類(lèi)、酯類(lèi)、鹵代烴、二和三酸甘油酯、脂肪、蠟和油。油或脂的例子有棕櫚油、核仁油、向日葵油和色拉油。

It is suitable to take all liquids that are not miscible with water as hydrophobic phase. Examples include hydrocarbons (alkanes, cycloalkanes), ethers, esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, diacid and triglycerides, fats, waxes, and oils. Examples of oil or fat are palm oil, kernel oil, sunflower oil, and salad oil.

許多非極性液體有辛烷、十二烷、甲苯、十氫萘、二甲苯、如戊醇和辛醇的醇、或其混合物。優(yōu)選使用石蠟油、己烷或環(huán)己烷。優(yōu)選疏水相的粘度與淀粉/水相的粘度接近。水/淀粉相與疏水相的可混合性?xún)?yōu)選必需盡可能低。

Many nonpolar liquids include octane, dodecane, toluene, decalin, xylene, higher alcohols such as pentanol and octanol, or mixtures thereof. Paraffin oil, hexane or cyclohexane are preferred. The viscosity of the hydrophobic phase is preferably close to that of the starch / aqueous phase. The miscibility of water / starch phase and hydrophobic phase must preferably be as low as possible.

玉米淀粉顆粒廠(chǎng)家認(rèn)為應(yīng)該優(yōu)選借助表面活性劑穩(wěn)定該O/W乳液。相轉(zhuǎn)化，即O/W乳液向W/O乳液的轉(zhuǎn)化(步驟b)ii))，可以各種方式進(jìn)行。1)如果使用熱敏性表面活性劑，相轉(zhuǎn)化可以通過(guò)升高溫度來(lái)誘導(dǎo)。2)可以通過(guò)加入另一表面活性劑來(lái)使O/W乳液去穩(wěn)定。該表面活性劑穩(wěn)定W/O乳液。3)通過(guò)加入一疏水液可以獲得相轉(zhuǎn)化。4)借助鹽的加入也可以獲得相轉(zhuǎn)化。

Manufacturers of corn starch granules believe that the o/w lotion should preferably be stabilized with surfactants. Phase conversion, that is, the conversion from o/w lotion to w/o lotion (step b) (II)), can be carried out in various ways. 1) If heat sensitive surfactants are used, phase transformation can be induced by increasing the temperature. 2) The o/w lotion can be destabilized by adding another surfactant. The surfactant stabilizes the w/o lotion. 3) Phase conversion can be obtained by adding a hydrophobic liquid. 4) Phase transformation can also be obtained by adding salt.

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