出于環(huán)境保護及限塑令的要求下，可降解塑料制品被廣泛使用，但是即使我們使用了可降解塑料制品，但是卻對其知之甚少，塑料制品是否真的可降解？下面可降解顆粒廠家為您進行分析。

Due to the requirements of environmental protection and plastic restriction order, degradable plastic products are widely used. But even though we use degradable plastic products, we know little about them. Are plastic products really degradable? The manufacturer of degradable particles will analyze for you.

我們以常見的可降解塑料PLA為例，PLA全稱PolyLacticAcid，即聚乳酸，是由乳酸分子通過酯化反應(yīng)獲得的一種高分子化合物。由于其具有良好的機械和加工性能以及生物可降解性，目前被廣泛應(yīng)用于生物醫(yī)學(xué)、包裝/容器材料、紡織纖維領(lǐng)域。

We take the common degradable plastic PLA as an example. The full name of PLA is PolyLactic Acid, which is a polymer compound obtained by esterification of lactic acid molecules. Because of its good mechanical and processing properties and biodegradability, it is widely used in the fields of biomedicine, packaging/container materials and textile fibers.

談到PLA的降解，可以說成也“酯化反應(yīng)”，敗也“酯化反應(yīng)”。

When it comes to the degradation of PLA, it can be said that it is also "esterification reaction" or "esterification reaction".

在化學(xué)上，酯化反應(yīng)是一個可逆反應(yīng)，其形成的-COO-結(jié)構(gòu)叫做酯鍵，是一種相對不穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)。PLA的降解便是通過酯鍵的斷裂實現(xiàn)的；單純依靠普通化學(xué)過程，酯鍵的斷裂將需要很長的時間和消耗大量的能量，因此生物化學(xué)過程才是PLA能夠高能降解的主要驅(qū)動力；在土壤微生物環(huán)境中，微生物會分泌特殊的酶使PLA從大分子斷裂成小分子，進一步這些小分子將進入微生物內(nèi)部被更多的酶進一步分解為二氧化碳、水、甲烷等對環(huán)境無害的物質(zhì)。

Chemically, esterification is a reversible reaction, and the formed - COO - structure is called ester bond, which is a relatively unstable structure. The degradation of PLA is realized by the breaking of ester bond; It will take a long time and consume a lot of energy to break the ester bond simply depending on the ordinary chemical process, so the biochemical process is the main driving force for the high-energy degradation of PLA; In the soil microbial environment, microorganisms will secrete special enzymes to break PLA from macromolecules to small molecules. Further, these small molecules will enter the microorganisms and be further decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, methane and other environmentally friendly substances by more enzymes.

PLA塑料瓶的生物降解過程

Biodegradation process of PLA plastic bottles

在普通土壤環(huán)境下，PLA的完全降解需要1年時間，但是在適合的堆肥環(huán)境中將只需要60-100天即可。另有研究表明，在某些特殊的菌群環(huán)境下，PLA甚可以在72小時時間內(nèi)達到89%的降解率。

In the normal soil environment, the complete degradation of PLA takes one year, but in the suitable composting environment, it will only take 60-100 days. Other studies have shown that in some special microbial environment, PLA can even reach 89% degradation rate within 72 hours.

目前為熱門的可降解材料為PLA和PBAT，這兩種是可以全生物降解。根據(jù)相關(guān)通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對可降解塑料生物降解性能的測試在一定條件下，比如國標(biāo)GB/T19277.1-2011，測試條件為溫度58℃±2℃，較大的濕度，90天內(nèi)達到一定降解要求，我們就可以認(rèn)為做到了全生物降解。這樣的環(huán)境，人工堆肥可以做到，自然環(huán)境需要更長的時間。更多相關(guān)可降解顆粒等產(chǎn)品的事項就來我們網(wǎng)站http://m.qylxschool.cn咨詢吧！

At present, the most popular biodegradable materials are PLA and PBAT, which can be fully biodegradable. According to the relevant general standards, the biodegradability of degradable plastics can be tested under certain conditions, such as the national standard GB/T19277.1-2011. The test conditions are 58 ℃ ± 2 ℃, high humidity, and certain degradation requirements can be met within 90 days. We can consider that the whole biological degradation has been achieved. Such an environment can be achieved by artificial composting, and the natural environment needs longer time. For more information about degradable particles and other products, please visit our website   http://m.qylxschool.cn!